Energy Putting U.S. Trucking on a Diet
Posted on : 18-05-2009 | By : Truckdriversnews | In : Political News, Thoughts from a trucker, truck driver Industry
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SAN FRANCISCO — The backbone of U.S. commerce, given America’s vast distances and reliance upon highway transportation, is the combined fleet of 500,000 U.S. long-haul trucks. And to many Americans, the macho trucking life holds a certain romance. It has, to be sure, its drawbacks, not least the pollution from all those rumbling diesels. But new technologies are emerging that should at least mitigate some of that.
A U.S. safety law requires truckers to rest for 10 hours after 11 of work, and most sleep in their cabs rather than paying for a motel. Traditionally truckers have idled their rigs while sleeping, keeping the engine going to provide heating or climate control and other creature comforts. This practice, along with workday idling, uses more than two billion gallons, or 7.6 billion liters, of diesel fuel a year, according to research at the Argonne National Laboratory, part of the U.S. Department of Energy.
Idling diesel engines are noisy and emit nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
As a response to increasing fuel prices and anti-idling regulations introduced by some cities and states, the industry has been exploring various alternatives. These include electrified parking spaces; auxiliary power units, or A.P.U.��s, for trucks, and detached heater or air-conditioner units.
“We are very much in favor of idle reduction,” said Clayton Boyce, a spokesman for the American Trucking Associations, which represents trucking companies, their suppliers and private fleets. “Not running that main diesel engine for extended periods saves fuel and reduces carbon output and other emissions.”
Electrified parking spaces, with plug-in electrical hookups for truckers, have increased in number over the past couple of years, sometimes with support from the sale of carbon offsets or government initiatives. They can provide truckers with heat, air-conditioning, electricity, even access to the Internet and satellite TV.
Two forms exist: single-system electrification and shore-based power. Single system requires no investment from the trucker aside from a $10 plastic window adapter. IdleAire, the industry leader, uses this format.
Shore-based power requires the trucker to install some equipment: detached heater and air-conditioning units, professionally installed inside the truck, can cost around $2,500. A less-costly approach is to buy a portable air-conditioner or heater powered by an extension cord run through the window. One company, Shorepower Technologies, sells a $199 kit that includes a portable heater, an extension cord, a truck inlet, a junction box and wiring for the cab.
With electrified parking spaces, truckers do not have to pay high upfront costs, and truck-stop owners can benefit from a revenue-sharing model: but there are approximately 5,000 truck stops across the United States and IdleAire has spaces at only 129 of them in 34 states. Shorepower has even fewer.
In fact, there are not enough regular parking spaces at truck stops for the number of truckers on the road, let alone electrified ones, says Lamont Byrd, director for safety and health for the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, a union that represents truckers. The result is that truckers frequently just pull off by the side of the road to rest.
“My nightmare is I’m driving across Nebraska in January,” said Linda L. Gaines, a transportation systems analyst with the Argonne laboratory who has a doctorate in physics. Thereâ��s an electrified stop “100 miles up the road, and I even know there’s a spot available for me,��� she said. But if it is snowing and it is slippery, �€œI’m going to pull off the road and rest here. And Iâ��d better have something onboard the truck.”
��œSomething” could be an auxiliary unit. But A.P.U.�€™s weigh around 400 pounds, or 180 kilograms, and cost up to $10,000: and they burn fuel, though more efficiently than truck engines.
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